The plantar proximal cortex of the third metatarsal bone shows raised longitudinal ridges at the suspensory ligament enthesis in normal equine isolated limbs – a radiographic, computed tomography, and MRI study

Abstract

IntroductionKnowledge of normal radiographic appearance is essential to avoid misinterpretation of radiographs. This study aimed to assess the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the plantar surface of the proximal metatarsus and evaluate the influence of the radiographic angle on the trabecular/cortical interface of the proximal plantar metatarsal cortex on lateromedial and slightly oblique radiographs.MethodsEight hindlimbs were collected from six horses with no known history of lameness and euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study. Limbs underwent computed tomographic (CT) and radiographic examination (dorsoplantar, lateromedial, and slightly oblique radiographic views obtained by angling the beam dorsally and plantarly from the plane used for the lateromedial projection). Standing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) were used to confirm normalcy. Images were compared side-by-side by two experienced readers.ResultsLimbs were normal at MR imaging. Longitudinal linear ridges were present on the proximal plantar metatarsal surface in all limbs (1–2 sagittal ridges and 1 ridge located at the medial or lateral margin of the suspensory ligament). Longitudinal ridges were positioned facing an adipose-muscular bundle of the suspensory ligament on CT images and were visible as linearly increased opacities on dorsoplantar radiographs. The delineation of the trabecular/cortical interface of the proximal metatarsus changed with radiographic projection and was the sharpest on the plantaro 85° lateral to the dorsomedial oblique view.ConclusionThe proximal third metatarsal bone shows individual morphological variations, with longitudinal linear ridges that alter the bone homogeneity on dorsoplantar radiographs. An oblique plantaro 85° lateral to the dorsomedial view is suggested to better assess the presence of subcortical sclerosis when proximal suspensory enthesopathy is suspected.