Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane Contact Sites: Regulators, Mechanisms, and Physiological Functions

Author:

Li Chenlu,Qian Tiantian,He Ruyue,Wan Chun,Liu Yinghui,Yu Haijia

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms direct membrane contact sites with the plasma membrane (PM) in eukaryotic cells. These ER-PM contact sites play essential roles in lipid homeostasis, ion dynamics, and cell signaling, which are carried out by protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. Distinct tethering factors dynamically control the architecture of ER-PM junctions in response to intracellular signals or external stimuli. The physiological roles of ER-PM contact sites are dependent on a variety of regulators that individually or cooperatively perform functions in diverse cellular processes. This review focuses on proteins functioning at ER-PM contact sites and highlights the recent progress in their mechanisms and physiological roles.

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA

Subject

Cell Biology,Developmental Biology

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