Study on the factors influencing ecological environment and zoning control: a study case of the Dongting Lake area

Abstract

IntroductionProtecting the ecosystem of the Dongting Lake area is of utmost importance for maintaining ecological balance and achieving human well-being.MethodsThis study identifies the key factors influencing the remote sensing based ecological index (RESI) in the Dongting Lake area based on the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the RESI and environmental changes and anthropogenic disturbance factors. The priority zoning for ecological restoration was delineated in combination with the anthropogenic composite index (ACI). By exploring the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on RESI, the zoning locations were determined using spatial statistics and linear regression methods.ResultsThe overall RESI of the Dongting Lake area showed a decline from 2001 to 2020, with the mean value decreasing from 0.52 to 0.48. High-quality zones were mainly located in mountainous and forested areas, while low-quality zones were mainly distributed in more developed cities in the east urban area. Anthropogenic factors were the main reasons for the decline in the ecological environment, while natural factors showed a positive correlation with RESI. Based on the RESI and ACI, four ecological control zones (H-H, H-L, L-H, and L-L) were delineated, which accounted for a total of 45.66% of the Dongting Lake area. Among them, 3.91% required immediate control and management, while 17.80% required artificial maintenance. This study explores the influencing factors and mechanisms of the ecological environment quality in the Dongting Lake area, and explores the effective spatial paths for the implementation of ecological restoration zoning control and differentiated restoration strategies in the Dongting Lake area.DiscussionThis study provides a scientific basis for mitigating ecological and environmental problems in the Dongting Lake area, and provides a reference for ecological restoration and regulation and the realization of sustainable development goals in China and global regions with complex environmental problems.