Author:
Zhou Lilei,Guan Dongjie,Sun Lingli,He Xiujuan,Chen Maolin,Zhang Yongchuan,Zhou Lianjie
Abstract
The relationships between ecosystem services and farmers’ livelihoods are important for ecological and livelihood sustainability. In this paper, Chongqing was picked up as a case to elucidate the contribution of ecosystem services to farmers’ livelihoods. First, we constructed a DPSIR (driver, pressure, state, impact and response) framework of ecosystem services and farmers’ livelihoods through participatory farmers’ livelihoods surveys and empirical data from the literature. Then, a 48-node Bayesian network model were used to explore the explicit and implicit impacts of both ecosystem services and farmers’ livelihoods, and to determine the key factors. Finally, we analyzed the contribution of ecosystem services to different types of farmers’ livelihoods. The results showed that ecosystem services have a significant impact on the farmers’ livelihoods. The probabilities of high state for ecosystem services and livelihood outcomes were 17.6% and 30.7%, respectively. While the probabilities of medium state were 51.2% and 45.4%, respectively. Particularly for low-income farmers, the impact on them increased with the increasing of ecosystem services (such as esthetic landscapes and food production). For different types of farming households, the most important contributor of ecosystem services-related income were pure farming households, part-time farming households and nonfarming households, accounting for 77.3%, 36.3%, and 14.8% of the total average annual household income, respectively. Our findings suggested that in promoting sustainable management of ecosystems, the contribution of ecosystem services to farmers’ livelihoods and their impact on farm income and the ecosystem services value should be considered.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
Subject
Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Reference36 articles.
1. Multi-dimensional well-being associated with economic dependence on ecosystem services in deltaic social-ecological systems of Bangladesh;Adams;Reg. Environ. Chang.,2020
2. Ecosystem Services Linked to Livelihoods and Well-Being in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta. In: Nicholls, R., Hutton, C., Adger, W., Hanson, S., Rahman, M., Salehin, M. (eds) Ecosystem Services for Well-Being in Deltas;Adams,2018
3. Ecosystem Services, Well-Being and Deltas: Current Knowledge and Understanding;Adger;Nicholls, R., Hutton, C., Adger, W., Hanson, S., Rahman, M., Salehin, M. (eds) Ecosystem Services for Well-Being in Deltas,2018
4. DPSIR framework to analyze anthropogenic factors influence on provisioning and cultural ecosystem services of Sundarbans east reserve Forest, Bangladesh;Ahmed;Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci.,2021
5. Environmental income and rural livelihoods: a global-comparative analysis;Angelsen;World Dev.,2014