Activation of EphrinB2/EphB2 signaling in the spine cord alters glia-neuron interactions in mice with visceral hyperalgesia following maternal separation

Abstract

BackgroundSress early in life has been linked to visceral hyperalgesia and associated functional gastrointestinal disorders. In a mouse model of visceral hyperalgesia, we investigated whether the EphB2 receptor and its EphrinB2 ligand in spinal cord contribute to dysregulation of glia-neuron interactions.MethodsAn established mouse model of stress due to maternal separation (MS). Pups were separated from their mothers for 14 days during early development, then analyzed several weeks later in terms of visceral sensitivity based on the abdominal withdrawal reflex score and in terms of expression of c-fos, EphrinB2, EphB2, and phosphorylated MAP kinases (ERK, p38, JNK).ResultsVisceral hyperalgesia due to MS upregulated EphB2, EphrinB2 and c-fos in the spinal cord, and c-fos levels positively correlated with those of EphB2 and EphrinB2. Spinal astrocytes, microglia, and neurons showed upregulation of EphB2, EphrinB2 and phosphorylated MAP kinases. Blocking EphrinB2/EphB2 signaling in MS mice reduced visceral sensitivity, activation of neurons and glia, and phosphorylation of NMDA receptor. Activating EphrinB2/EphB2 signaling in unstressed mice induced visceral hyperalgesia, upregulation of c-fos, and activation of NMDA receptor similar to maternal separation.ConclusionThe stress of MS during early development may lead to visceral hyperalgesia by upregulating EphrinB2/EphB2 in the spinal cord and thereby altering neuron-glia interactions.