Investigating the influencing factors of vaccination decisions for newly developed and established vaccines: a comparative study based on latent class logit models in China

Abstract

BackgroundThe factors influencing vaccination decision-making for newly developed vaccines may be similar to and different from those for established vaccines. Understanding these underlying differences and similarities is crucial for designing targeted measures to promote new vaccines against potential novel viruses.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare public vaccination decisions for newly developed and established vaccines and to identify the differences and similarities in the influencing factors.MethodA discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted on 1,509 representatives of the general population in China to collect data on preferences for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza vaccines, representing the newly developed and established vaccines, respectively. The latent class logit model was used to identify latent classes within the sample, allowing for an analysis of the factors distinctly influencing choices for both types of vaccines.ResultParticipants valued similar attributes for both vaccines. However, concerns about sequelae were more significant for the newly developed vaccine, while effectiveness was prioritized for the established vaccine. Class membership analysis revealed these differences and similarities were significantly correlated with age, health, yearly household income, acquaintances’ vaccination status, and risk perception.ConclusionThe study highlights the need for tailored communication strategies and targeted vaccination interventions. For the newly developed vaccines, addressing concerns about side effects is more crucial. For long-standing vaccines, emphasizing their effectiveness can enhance uptake more significantly. Engaging healthcare providers and community influencers is essential for both vaccines to increase public confidence and vaccination rates. Clear communication and community engagement are critical strategies for addressing public concerns and misinformation, particularly during periods of heightened concern.