Tracking sero-molecular trends of swine brucellosis in Hawai‘i and the central Pacific

Author:

La Thi Hai Au,McMillan Ian A.,Dahal Prashant,Burger Andrew H.,Belcaid Mahdi,Phelps Darrin M.,Goldstein Samuel M.,Brown Vienna R.,Norris Michael H.

Abstract

IntroductionBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease of mammals caused by bacterial species of the Brucella genus. The reservoir for disease is typically mammals, with species of Brucella found infecting amphibians, bats, and marine mammals. Brucella spp. can pass directly to humans through contact with infected animals or their products. Brucella spp. can cause chronic debilitating infections in mammals, including humans, and is associated with spontaneous abortions in infected animals, causing reduced fecundity. In Hawai‘i, terrestrial species that could harbor Brucella spp. include swine, cattle, horses, and axis deer among others. The numerous feral swine in Hawai‘i are known to carry Brucella suis, with evidence supporting infections in cattle. Brucella suis also poses infection risk to humans, dogs, and potentially horses across the state.MethodsIn this study, 3,274 feral swine serum samples collected from 5 of the 8 main islands over a 15-year span were analyzed for exposure to B. suis. Of the 558 watersheds in the state, 77 were sampled as part of this effort. Spatial analysis was used to identify watersheds of concern. MLVA and whole genome SNP analysis was used for molecular epidemiological analysis.ResultsStatewide seropositivity rates were triple that of feral swine found in the conterminous United States. Smoothed positivity rates were highest on Maui, followed by O‘ahu, and the island of Hawai‘i. Island-by-island analysis found high brucellosis positivity levels associated with specific watersheds and agricultural areas. Local spatial autocorrelation identified hot spots on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i. MLVA analysis of available B. suis from Hawai‘i found molecular epidemiological connections with B. suis found in French Polynesia and the mainland US while differing from those in Tonga, Western Polynesia. Strains from Hawai‘i are phylogenetically closest to strains from the United States. MLVA and SNP analysis found B. suis strains from Hawai‘i fell into the genetic group that contains biovar 1 B. suis.DiscussionThis work identified islands and watersheds of high brucellosis seropositivity in feral swine of Hawai‘i, highlighting the magnitude of the zoonotic risk. Introduction of strains in recent history is unlikely due to modern animal trade and disease control practices. Genomic analysis of strains in Hawai‘i and the Pacific area can provide hidden historical and local clues to brucellosis epidemiology in the state.

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA

Reference53 articles.

1. Pathogenesis and immunobiology of brucellosis: review of Brucella–host interactions;de Figueiredo;Am J Pathol.,2015

2. Brucellosis: an overview;Corbel;Emerg Infect Dis.,1997

3. CorbelMJ Brucellosis in Humans and Animals2006

4. An overview of human brucellosis;Young;Clin Infect Dis.,1995

5. Guide: exposures, testing, and prevention;Brucellosis,2017

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3