Short-term association of particulate matter and cardiovascular disease mortality in Shanghai, China between 2003 and 2020

Abstract

ObjectiveEvidence regarding the effects of particulate matter (PM) pollutants on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains limited in Shanghai, China. Our objective was to thoroughly evaluate associations between PM pollutants and CVD mortality.MethodsDaily data on CVD mortality, PM (PM10 and PM2.5) pollutants, and meteorological variables in Shanghai, China were gathered from 2003 to 2020. We utilized a time-series design with the generalized additive model to assess associations between PM pollutants and CVD mortality. Additionally, we conducted stratified analyses based on sex, age, education, and seasons using the same model.ResultsWe found that PM pollutants had a significant association with CVD mortality during the study period. Specifically, there was a 0.29% (95%CI: 0.14, 0.44) increase in CVD mortality for every 10 μg/m3 rise in a 2-day average (lag01) concentration of PM10. A 0.28% (95% CI: 0.07, 0.49) increase in CVD mortality was associated with every 10 μg/m3 rise in PM2.5 concentration at lag01. Overall, the estimated effects of PM10 and PM2.5 were larger in the warm period compared with the cold period. Furthermore, males and the older adult exhibited greater susceptibility to PM10 and PM2.5 exposure, and individuals with lower education levels experienced more significant effects from PM10 and PM2.5 than those with higher education levels.ConclusionOur findings suggested that PM pollutants have a substantial impact on increasing CVD mortality in Shanghai, China. Moreover, the impacts of air pollution on health may be altered by factors such as season, sex, age, and educational levels.