Model development and update of portable NIRS instrument for assessment of internal quality attributes of two navel orange varieties

Abstract

The variation of fruit among batches influences the performance of the portable near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument and then determines the success or failure for practical application in fruit industry. Model development and update methods were investigated for determining soluble solids contents (SSC) and titrable acidity (TA) of navel orange. The pretreatment and variable selection methods were explored for building partial least square regression (PLSR) models. The best models, developed by the combination of second derivative (2D) and variable sorting for normalization (VSN), could predict SSC but not TA. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), coefficient of determination for prediction (Rp2) and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) for SSC were 0.66 °Brix, 0.66 and 1.73. Model maintain methods of model update (MU) and slope and bias correction (SBC) achieved the best results in predicting SSC for two external validation sets with Rp2, RMSEP and RPD of 0.54, 0.83 °Brix, 1.60 and 0.52, 0.83 °Brix, 1.65, respectively. The results suggested model development and update with MU and SBC could improve the robustness of the portable NIRS instrument in predicting SSC of navel orange.