Stimulation and Recording of the Hippocampus Using the Same Pt-Ir Coated Microelectrodes

Abstract

Same-electrode stimulation and recording with high spatial resolution, signal quality, and power efficiency is highly desirable in neuroscience and neural engineering. High spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio is necessary for obtaining unitary activities and delivering focal stimulations. Power efficiency is critical for battery-operated implantable neural interfaces. This study demonstrates the capability of recording single units as well as evoked potentials in response to a wide range of electrochemically safe stimulation pulses through high-resolution microelectrodes coated with co-deposition of Pt-Ir. It also compares signal-to-noise ratio, single unit activity, and power efficiencies between Pt-Ir coated and uncoated microelectrodes. To enable stimulation and recording with the same microelectrodes, microelectrode arrays were treated with electrodeposited platinum-iridium coating (EPIC) and tested in the CA1 cell body layer of rat hippocampi. The electrodes’ ability to (1) inject a large range of electrochemically reversable stimulation pulses to the tissue, and (2) record evoked potentials and single unit activities were quantitively assessed over an acute time period. Compared to uncoated electrodes, EPIC electrodes recorded signals with higher signal-to-noise ratios (coated: 9.77 ± 1.95 dB; uncoated: 1.95 ± 0.40 dB) and generated lower voltages (coated: 100 mV; uncoated: 650 mV) for a given stimulus (5 μA). The improved performance corresponded to lower energy consumptions and electrochemically safe stimulation above 5 μA (>0.38 mC/cm2), which enabled elicitation of field excitatory post synaptic potentials and population spikes. Spontaneous single unit activities were also modulated by varying stimulation intensities and monitored through the same electrodes. This work represents an example of stimulation and recording single unit activities from the same microelectrode, which provides a powerful tool for monitoring and manipulating neural circuits at the single neuron level.