Positron Emission Tomography in the Neuroimaging of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review

Author:

Tan Zhiqiang,Wei Huiyi,Song Xiubao,Mai Wangxiang,Yan Jiajian,Ye Weijian,Ling Xueying,Hou Lu,Zhang Shaojuan,Yan Sen,Xu Hao,Wang Lu

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a basket term for neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by marked impairments in social interactions, repetitive and stereotypical behaviors, and restricted interests and activities. Subtypes include (A) disorders with known genetic abnormalities including fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis and (B) idiopathic ASD, conditions with unknown etiologies. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that can be utilizedin vivofor dynamic and quantitative research, and is a valuable tool for exploring pathophysiological mechanisms, evaluating therapeutic efficacy, and accelerating drug development in ASD. Recently, several imaging studies on ASD have been published and physiological changes during ASD progression was disclosed by PET. This paper reviews the specific radioligands for PET imaging of critical biomarkers in ASD, and summarizes and discusses the similar and different discoveries in outcomes of previous studies. It is of great importance to identify general physiological changes in cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebral blood flow perfusion, abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems, and inflammation in the central nervous system in ASD, which may provide excellent points for further ASD research.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA

Subject

General Neuroscience

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