Theoretical basis and occurrence of internet fraud victimisation: Based on two systems in decision-making and reasoning

Abstract

The influencing factors of internet fraud, including demographics, psychology, experience and knowledge of susceptibility, have been widely studied. Research on the psychological mechanism of the victimisation process of internet fraud is relatively scarce but suggests a new research perspective. To summarise and unify the research in this field, this study systematically searched and analysed articles on the psychological decision-making mechanism of online fraud victims. We found that (a) previous researchers consistently believed that the heuristic processing mode was correlated with susceptibility to online fraud and that the systematic processing mode was helpful to detect and identify fraud. From the overall review results, we do not reject this conclusion, but the verification and intrinsic explanation of this relationship need to be further strengthened. (b) Under the heuristic-systematic model (HSM), with the exception of the trait of suspicion, there is no consensus on whether psychological factors (e.g., personality) influence the likelihood of online fraud through the mediating effect of the selection of the two systems. Objective knowledge and experience in specific fields have been found to be able to achieve this path. Information on the influential variables of equipment and habits is emerging, but how they affect network victimisation through the heuristic processing system needs to be further clarified. (c) The measurement of variables is conducted through simulation experiments. There may be a gap between the likelihood of internet fraud victimisation in the simulation experiment and in the real world. (d) The defence strategies under the HSM are intentional explorations, such as content-based cue recognition technology and simulated scene training.