Author:
Stanley Ann Marie,Aksyuk Anastasia A.,Wilkins Deidre,Green Justin A.,Lan Dongmei,Shoemaker Kathryn,Tieu Hong-Van,Sobieszczyk Magdalena E.,Falsey Ann R.,Kelly Elizabeth J.
Abstract
BackgroundImmunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now widespread; however, the degree of cross-immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remains unclear.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 and HCoV cross-immunity was evaluated in adult participants enrolled in a US sub-study in the phase III, randomized controlled trial (NCT04516746) of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) primary-series vaccination for one-year. Anti-HCoV spike-binding antibodies against HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-NL63 were evaluated in participants following study dosing and, in the AZD1222 group, after a non-study third-dose booster. Timing of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion (assessed via anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels) and incidence of COVID-19 were evaluated in those who received AZD1222 primary-series by baseline anti-HCoV titers.ResultsWe evaluated 2,020/21,634 participants in the AZD1222 group and 1,007/10,816 in the placebo group. At the one-year data cutoff (March 11, 2022) mean duration of follow up was 230.9 (SD: 106.36, range: 1–325) and 94.3 (74.12, 1–321) days for participants in the AZD1222 (n = 1,940) and placebo (n = 962) groups, respectively. We observed little elevation in anti-HCoV humoral titers post study-dosing or post-boosting, nor evidence of waning over time. The occurrence and timing of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and incidence of COVID-19 were not largely impacted by baseline anti-HCoV titers.ConclusionWe found limited evidence for cross-immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs following AZD1222 primary series and booster vaccination. Susceptibility to future emergence of novel coronaviruses will likely persist despite a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in global populations.
Reference57 articles.
1. AstraZeneca and Pfizer estimated to have averted most deaths in the first year of vaccination. Data estimates based on model outcomes from separate analyses conducted by Airfinity and Imperial College - July 11 2022
2. Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study;Watson;Lancet Infect Dis,2022
3. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants2023
4. The past, current and future epidemiological dynamic of SARS-CoV-2;Balloux;Oxford Open Immunol,2022
5. Seasonality of endemic COVID-19;Townsend;mBio,2023