Case Report: Rotavirus Vaccination and Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Japan

Author:

Tanita Kay,Kawamura Yoshiki,Miura Hiroki,Mitsuiki Noriko,Tomoda Takahiro,Inoue Kento,Iguchi Akihiro,Yamada Masafumi,Yoshida Taro,Muramatsu Hideki,Tada Norimasa,Matsui Toshihiro,Kato Motohiro,Eguchi Katsuhide,Ishimura Masataka,Ohga Shouichi,Imai Kohsuke,Morio Tomohiro,Yoshikawa Tetsushi,Kanegane Hirokazu

Abstract

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an inborn error of immunity that occurs in approximately 1 in 50,000 births, mainly due to impaired lymphocyte differentiation. Without curative treatment, such as hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or gene therapy, severe infection in the first year of life could make this condition fatal. The results of HCT are poor when patients have active infections, thus requiring early diagnosis before onset of infection. In five cases of SCID diagnosed in Japan, the oral rotavirus vaccine had been administered before diagnosis. In this study, we demonstrated that the rotavirus from their stools was a vaccine-derived strain. In some cases, severe gastroenteritis triggered the diagnosis of SCID. However, newborn screening for SCID is available before the first rotavirus vaccination using assays for the detection of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Therefore, to improve the prognosis of patients with SCID in Japan, we should establish a screening system of TRECs for newborns throughout Japan.

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

Reference14 articles.

1. The Genetic Basis of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and its Variants;Tasher;Appl Clin Genet,2012

2. Vaccine-Acquired Rotavirus in Infants With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency;Patel;N Engl J Med,2010

3. Persistent Rotavirus Diarrhea Post-Transplant in a Novel JAK3-SCID Patient After Vaccination;Bogaert;Pediatr Allergy Immunol,2016

4. Persistent Systemic Rotavirus Vaccine Infection in a Child With X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency;Yoshikawa;J Med Virol,2019

5. A Case of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency With Vaccine-Acquired Rotavirus;Tomoda;J Japan Pediatr Soc,2016

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