A composite indicator of derived neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase correlates with outcomes in pancreatic carcinoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors

Abstract

BackgroundThere are currently no established biomarkers that can predict whether advanced pancreatic carcinoma (PC) patients would benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Our study investigated whether the pretreatment composite biomarker of derived neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be used as a reliable prognostic factor for the survival of PC patients receiving PD-1 inhibitor therapy.MethodsPatients with advanced PC treated with PD-1 inhibitors at a single center from September 2015 to September 2020 were included. The high levels of dNLR (≥3) and LDH (≥250 U/L) were considered to be risk factors. Based on these two risk factors, patients in this study were categorized into two risk groups: the good dNLR-LDH group, without risk factors, and the intermediate/poor dNLR-LDH group, with one to two risk factors. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) served as this study’s primary and secondary endpoints. Cox regression models were used to identify independent prognostic factors for survival benefit.ResultsThere were 98 patients in our study. The good group included 61 (62.2%) patients and the intermediate/poor group included 37 (37.8%). The overall patients with PC who received immunotherapy had a median OS of 12.1 months, and the good dNLR-LDH group had a significantly longer OS compared with the intermediate/poor dNLR-LDH group (44.2 vs. 6.4 months; p < 0.010); median PFS was 3.7 and 2.5 months (p = 0.010). The number of metastatic sites >2 and immunotherapy as third-line or later was associated with worse PFS, and the line of immunotherapy and the dNLR-LDH indicator were independent prognostic factors for OS, according to multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe pretreatment composite biomarker of dNLR and LDH can be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with advanced PC treated with PD-1 inhibitors.