Global Sustainable Development Evaluation Methods With Multiple-Dimensional: Sustainable Development Index

Abstract

Sustainable development has become a new goal of world development, and the measurement of sustainable development level is an important issue. This article introduces indicators of land ecology and allocation to establish a sustainable development index (SDI) including two levels of indicators. Based on the data research of SDI 2019 of 188 countries (regions), we conclude as follows: 1) the ranking of oil-producing countries fell sharply because of land ecological deterioration and single industrial structure; 2) the ranking of Southeast Asian and East African countries (regions) progressed because of ecological protection; 3) most developing countries (regions) have excellent performance on ecological protection, and the main reason for changing their ranking is the inequality of land allocation. Emerging countries, such as China and Russia, also have these problems in their rapid development. We suggest that countries (regions), especially countries (regions) that rely heavily on resource extraction, should pay attention to land ecological protection, and developed and emerging countries (regions) should optimize land allocation. The main contribution of this article is to provide a new solution and ideas for the measurement of sustainable development by improving the indicator system.