Variation in Rumen Bacteria of Lacaune Dairy Ewes From One Week to the Next

Abstract

Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms in the rumen microbiota and play essential roles, mainly fermenting plant compounds that yield fatty acids. In this study, we aimed at assessing stability of both bacterial composition and of its associations with rumen and milk fatty acids phenotypes over a 1-week period. The study was performed using 118 Lacaune dairy ewes from the INRAE Experimental Unit of La Fage. Rumen and milk samples were obtained from the ewes twice, 1 week apart, and microbiota composition, volatile and long-chain fatty acid concentrations were analyzed. Bacterial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and microbiota and fatty acids were analyzed as compositional data. As we worked with relative abundances expressed in a constrained space, the centered log-ratio transformation enabled to transform data to work with multivariate analyses in the Euclidian space. Bacterial composition differed between the 2 weeks of sampling, characterized by different proportions of the two main phyla, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The repeatability of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was low, although it varied significantly. However, 66 of them presented a repeatability of over 0.50 and were particularly associated with fatty acid phenotypes. Even though the OTUs from the same bacterial families presented similar correlations to fatty acids in both weeks, only a few OTUs were conserved over the 2 weeks. We proved with the help of sequencing data that there is significant change in microbial composition over a week in terms of abundance of different families of bacteria. Further studies are required to determine the impact of bacterial composition alterations over 1 week, and the specificities of the highly repeatable OTUs.