Whole-Genome Assessment of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Uncovers Potentially Novel Factors Influencing Carbapenem Resistance

Author:

Javkar Kiran,Rand Hugh,Hoffmann Maria,Luo Yan,Sarria Saul,Thirunavukkarasu Nagarajan,Pillai Christine A.,McGann Patrick,Johnson J. Kristie,Strain Errol,Pop Mihai

Abstract

Carbapenems—one of the important last-line antibiotics for the treatment of gram-negative infections—are becoming ineffective for treating Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Studies have identified multiple genes (and mechanisms) responsible for carbapenem resistance. In some A. baumannii strains, the presence/absence of putative resistance genes is not consistent with their resistance phenotype—indicating the genomic factors underlying carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii are not fully understood. Here, we describe a large-scale whole-genome genotype-phenotype association study with 349 A. baumannii isolates that extends beyond the presence/absence of individual antimicrobial resistance genes and includes the genomic positions and pairwise interactions of genes. Ten known resistance genes exhibited statistically significant associations with resistance to imipenem, a type of carbapenem: blaOXA-23, qacEdelta1, sul1, mphE, msrE, ant(3”)-II, aacC1, yafP, aphA6, and xerD. A review of the strains without any of these 10 genes uncovered a clade of isolates with diverse imipenem resistance phenotypes. Finer resolution evaluation of this clade revealed the presence of a 38.6 kbp conserved chromosomal region found exclusively in imipenem-susceptible isolates. This region appears to host several HTH-type DNA binding transcriptional regulators and transporter genes. Imipenem-susceptible isolates from this clade also carried two mutually exclusive plasmids that contain genes previously known to be specific to imipenem-susceptible isolates. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of using whole genomes for genotype-phenotype correlations in the context of antibiotic resistance and provides several new hypotheses for future research.

Funder

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA

Subject

Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

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