Association Between Non-Recovered Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that renal function recovery after acute kidney injury (AKI) was associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality. However, little is known about the correlation between renal function recovery and long-term prognosis in patients with contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) undergoing coronary angiography (CAG).MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 5,865 patients who underwent CAG. CA-AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) ≥ 50% or ≥ 0.3 mg/dl from baseline within 72 h post procedure. Recovered CA-AKI was defined as a decrease in SCr to baseline or no CA-AKI level. The first endpoint was long-term all-cause mortality. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to investigate the association between kidney function recovery and long-term mortality.ResultsDuring the median follow-up period of 5.25 years, the overall long-term mortality was 20.07%, and the long-term mortality in patients with recovered CA-AKI and non-recovered CA-AKI was 17.46 and 27.44%, respectively. After multivariate Cox hazard regression, non-recovered CA-AKI was significantly associated with long-term mortality, while recovered CA-AKI was not [recovered CA-AKI vs. no CA-AKI, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81–1.39, p = 0.661; non-recovered CA-AKI vs. no CA-AKI, HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.21–1.60, p < 0.001]. In the subgroup of CAD, both recovered CA-AKI and non-recovered CA-AKI were associated with increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality. However, in other subgroup analyses, only non-recovered CA-AKI was associated with increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality.ConclusionOur results found that non-recovered CA-AKI is significantly associated with long-term mortality. In patients with CAD, recovered CA-AKI can still increase the risk of all-cause mortality. Clinicians need to pay more attention to patients suffering from CA-AKI, whose kidney function has not recovered. In addition, active prevention treatments should be taken by patients with CAD.