Body Roundness Index Is a Superior Obesity Index in Predicting Diabetes Risk Among Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study in China

Abstract

Objective: Individuals with both hypertension and diabetes have been confirmed to significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality compared with those with only hypertension or diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of different anthropometric indices for predicting diabetes risk among hypertensive patients.Methods: The study group consisted of 6,990 hypertensive adults without diabetes who were recruited in China. Demographic and clinical assessment, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and novel indices (ABSI, AVI, BAI, BRI, CI, WWI, and WHHR), were performed at baseline and during the (median) 3-year follow-up. Cox regression analyses were conducted to estimate effects from these indices for the onset of diabetes. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to assess the predictive capacities of the anthropometric indices and determine the optimal cut-points.Results: A total of 816 (11.7%) developed diabetes during our prospective study. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed weight, WC, WHR, WHtR, BAI, BRI, and WWI as the independent risk factor for diabetes among hypertensive patients, regardless of whether it was treated as a continuous or categorical variable (P < 0.05). Further Cox analyses combining BMI and different central obesity indices showed that elevated WC, WHR, WHtR, AVI, BRI, CI, regardless of the general obesity status, were found to be each independently associated with increased diabetes risk (P < 0.05). Dynamic increases of BRI < 5.24 to BRI ≥ 5.24 were associated with increased risk (HR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.64), and its reversal was associated with reduced risk (HR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23, 1.98) compared with the others (HR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.63, 2.32). ROC analysis indicated that the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of the anthropometric indices ranged from 0.531 to 0.63, with BRI (cut-off value = 4.62) and WHtR having the largest area.Conclusions: Based on this novel study, BRI was the most superior predictor and independent determinant for diabetes onset among the hypertensive population. Hypertensive patients with BRI > 4.62, regardless of general obesity status, were at high risk of diabetes. Thus, the prompt screening and diagnosis of diabetes should be carried out among these patients for timely integrated intervention.