Abstract
Drilling into the Earth is important for collecting resources like water and raw materials, and it is also done for scientific reasons, to learn about the planet. A method called rotary drilling is often used to drill holes deep into the Earth. To understand how deep we can drill, you need to understand how rotary drilling is performed and what the challenges are. This article explains how we drill deep holes and introduces the equipment needed for rotary drilling. The deeper we drill into the Earth, the higher the temperature and pressure. As temperature and pressure increase, drilling equipment will eventually fail. Another challenge is preventing the hole from collapsing. We will explain how these challenges can be tackled and how deep we can drill with current drilling techniques.