Assessing four-dimensional CT stress maps derived from patient-specific biomechanical models of the lung with pulmonary function test data in lung cancer patients

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to retrospectively compare the stress map of the lung with pulmonary function test (PFT) results in lung cancer patients and to evaluate the potential of the stress map as an imaging biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 25 lung cancer patients with pre-treatment four-dimensional CT (4DCT) and PFT data were retrospectively analysed. PFT metrics were used to diagnose obstructive lung disease. For each patient, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 % predicted) and the ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were recorded. 4DCT and biomechanical model-deformable image registration (BM-DIR) were used to obtain the lung stress map. The relationship between the mean of the total lung stress and PFT data was evaluated, and the COPD classification grade was also evaluated. Results: The mean values of the total lung stress and FEV1 % predicted showed a significant strong correlation [R = 0.833, (p < 0.001)]. The mean values and FEV1/FVC showed a significant strong correlation [R = 0.805, (p < 0.001)]. For the total lung stress, the area under the curve and the optimal cut-off value were 0.94 and 510.8 Pa for the classification of normal or abnormal lung function, respectively. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the potential of lung stress maps based on BM-DIR to accurately assess lung function by comparing them with PFT data. Advances in knowledge: The derivation of stress map directly from 4DCT is novel method. The BM-DIR-based lung stress map can provide an accurate assessment of lung function.