Deep inspiration breath-hold intensity modulated radiation therapy in a large clinical series of 239 left-sided breast cancer patients: a dosimetric analysis of organs at risk doses and clinical feasibility from a single center experience

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate dose to organs at risk, target coverage and treatment compliance in left-sided breast cancer patients (LSBCP) treated with deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique in a contest of daily clinical practice. Methods: A total of 280 consecutive LSBCP referred for adjuvant radiotherapy were systematically screened for suitability of DIBH technique. 239 were able to comply with the requirement for DIBH. Whole breast or chest wall were irradiated in DIBH, monitored by Varian RPM™ Respiratory Gating System, and two tangential inverse-planned beams with dynamic dose delivery. Dose prescription was 42.4 Gy/16 fractions in 205 patients and 50 Gy/25 fractions in 34. 23 patients received local and nodal treatment. Boost to tumor bed, of 10 Gy/5 fractions was used in 135 patients. Relevant dose metrics for heart, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, lungs, contralateral breast and planning target volume were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The average mean heart dose (MHD) for all patients was 0.94 Gy and mean maximum LAD dose was 13.82 Gy. MHD and LAD maximum dose were significantly higher in patients treated with conventional fractionation whether expressed in absolute dose (1.44 vs 0.85 Gy, p < 0.0005 and 20.78 vs 12.45 Gy, p < 0.0005 respectively) or in equivalent doses of 2 Gy fractionation (0.88 vs 0.52 Gy, p =< 0.0005 and 17.68 vs 10.63 Gy, p = 0.0002 respectively). In 57 patients (23.8%) the maximum LAD dose was >20 Gy. Mean V20 ipsilateral lung dose was 8.5%. Mean doses of contralateral breast and lung were 0.13 Gy and 0.09 Gy respectively. Mean planning target volume V95% coverage was 96.1%. Compliance rate of DIBH technique was 84.5% (239/280). Conclusion: DIBH and IMRT in daily clinical practice are feasible in high percentage of unselected patients and allows low levels of irradiation of organs at risk without compromising target coverage. However, despite low MHD a significant proportion of patients receives a maximum LAD dose superior to 20 Gy. Advances in knowledge: The value of MHD used exclusively is not able to describe entirely the risk of late heart toxicity, which can be better evaluated with the joint analysis of the maximum dose to LAD region. The vast majority of LSBCP referred to adjuvant radiotherapy in the setting of routine practice are able to comply with the requirement of DIBH.