Guillain-Barré syndrome in pediatrics: literature review

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis after polio was eradicated from some countries. This review discusses clinical presentation, the most common causes and treatment effectiveness due to GBS medical importance. METHODS: This article is a review of literature developed among 15 articles found in the database MEDLIDE, Cochrane and LILACS, between 2010 to 2020. The criteria were language (English, Portuguese, and Spanish), literature review articles, systematic reviews and metanalysis and 18 years old patients or younger. RESULTS: The pathologic anatomy varies according to the clinical subtype of the syndrome, presenting a variety of clinical presentations. The diagnosis is based on clinical data, but exams can be needed due to case complexity and the variety of differential diagnoses. The treatment aims to accelerate patient recovery, decrease complications and avoid long-term neurological deficit. Intravenous immunoglobulin is the most effective treatment. Plasmapheresis is also beneficial when initiated early, also its a cheaper technique. Even in developed countries, 5% of patients with GBS die due to medical complications. CONCLUSION: The GBS is the first cause of acute flaccid paralysis, although there are therapeutic options, the death rate is significant, as well as the sequelae. Research about this syndrome is necessary, since the improvement on the knowledge and management would result in reduced morbidity and mortality.