Extraordinary Characteristics of One-Dimensional PT-Symmetric Ring Optical Waveguide Networks Composed of Adjustable Length Ratio Waveguides

Abstract

A novel one-dimensional parity-time-symmetric periodic ring optical waveguide network (1D PTSPROWN) is constructed using magnesium fluoride (MgF2), by adjusting the length ratio of gain and loss materials in PT-symmetric waveguide and ordinary dielectric material, and by optimizing the program to search for the extremum spontaneous PT-symmetric breaking points. The ultra-strong transmission, reflection, and photonic location are noticed in the proposed 1DPTSPROWN as compared with the other PT-symmetric optical waveguide networks. The maximum and minimum reached 1018 and 10−15, respectively, which is more than 6 orders of magnitude greater and 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the best results reported so far. The ultra-strong transmission and reflection peaks, ultra-weak transmission, and reflection valleys generated by electromagnetic waves in this network were found to have interesting resonance and anti-resonance effects. Furthermore, frequency of periodic cycles and violet or redshift laws were discovered in the 1D PTSPROWN of fixed length ratio of gain and loss material in the PT-symmetric waveguide by adjusting the ratio of the upper and lower arm lengths of waveguides. The proposed optical waveguide network might have potential application in the design of CPA lasers, high-efficiency optical accumulators, and several other devices.