Does Intracellular Metabolism Render Gemcitabine Uptake Undetectable in Mass Spectrometry?

Abstract

The ergothioneine transporter ETT (formerly OCTN1; human gene symbol SLC22A4) is a powerful and highly specific transporter for the uptake of ergothioneine (ET). Recently, Sparreboom et al. reported that the ETT would transport nucleosides and nucleoside analogues such as cytarabine and gemcitabine with the highest efficiency. In our assay system, we could not detect any such transport. Subsequently, Sparreboom suggested that the intracellular metabolization of the nucleosides occurs so fast that the original compounds cannot be detected by LC–MS/MS after inward transport. Our current experiments with 293 cells disprove this hypothesis. Uptake of gemcitabine was easily detected by LC–MS/MS measurements when we expressed the Na+/nucleoside cotransporter CNT3 (SLC28A3). Inward transport was 1280 times faster than the intracellular production of gemcitabine triphosphate. The deoxycytidine kinase inhibitor 2-thio-2′-deoxycytidine markedly blocked the production of gemcitabine triphosphate. There was no concomitant surge in intracellular gemcitabine, however. This does not fit the rapid phosphorylation of gemcitabine. Uptake of cytarabine was very slow, but detection by MS was still possible. When the ETT was expressed and incubated with gemcitabine, there was no increase in intracellular gemcitabine triphosphate. We conclude that the ETT does not transport nucleosides.