Performance Improvement of Perovskite Solar Cell Design with Double Active Layer to Achieve an Efficiency of over 31%

Abstract

This research aims to optimize the efficiency of the device structures by introducing the novel double perovskite absorber layer (PAL). The perovskite solar cell (PSC) has higher efficiency with both lead perovskite (PVK), i.e., methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3) and Caseium tin germanium iodide (CsSnGeI3). The current simulation uses Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer (HTL) and TiO2 as an electron transport layer (ETL) to sandwich the PVK layers of MASnI3 and CsSnGeI3, which have precise bandgaps of 1.3 eV and 1.5 eV. The exclusive results of the precise modeling technique for organic/inorganic PVK-based photovoltaic solar cells under the illumination of AM1.5 for distinctive device architectures are shown in the present work. Influence of defect density (DD) is also considered during simulation that revealed the best PSC parameters with JSC of 31.41 mA/cm2, VOC of 1.215 V, FF of nearly 82.62% and the highest efficiency of 31.53% at the combined DD of 1.0 × 1014 cm−3. The influence of temperature on device performance, which showed a reduction in PV parameters at elevated temperature, is also evaluated. A steeper temperature gradient with an average efficiency of −0.0265%/K for the optimized PSC is observed. The novel grading technique helps in achieving efficiency of more than 31% for the optimized device. As a result of the detailed examination of the total DD and temperature dependency of the simulated device, structures are also studied simultaneously.