The Correlation between Urban Form and Carbon Emissions: A Bibliometric and Literature Review

Abstract

Urban carbon emissions contribute significantly to global warming, but various factors impact these emissions. This study focuses on the correlation between urban form and carbon emissions. Urban form is an entity that can be directly manipulated and optimized by disciplines such as architecture, urban design, and urban planning. The improvement of urban form, particularly at the meso–micro scale, is relatively rapid and affordable compared to other carbon-related factors, such as macro-industry or energy structure. Therefore, conducting a study on the correlation between urban form and carbon emissions is crucial, and the findings will provide direct scientific support for low-carbon city planning. The paper combines bibliometric analysis with a literature review. First, we explore research hotspots and trends using bibliometric analysis. Second, we organize the literature review based on the main research components, methods, and findings in this field. Finally, we propose a framework and direction for future research. It was found that (1) numerous study methodologies are currently being used to investigate the direct and indirect impacts of urban form on carbon emissions, with Chinese scholars’ research progressing rapidly; (2) the primary focus of the study is on the carbon emissions related to residents’ consumption, and there are still issues with inconsistent measurement approaches; (3) there is more research conducted on the macro-scale of cities but not enough on the meso–micro scale. Future research must focus more on meso–microscale analysis, quantifying the key influences and pathways of urban form on carbon emissions. Additionally, it is crucial to establish a comprehensive research framework that can serve as a guide for more effective urban development aimed at reducing carbon emissions.