Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Osteotomy Guides and Titanium Plates for Distal Femoral Deformities in Dogs with Lateral Patellar Luxation

Author:

Panichi Enrico1,Cappellari Fulvio1,Burkhan Ekaterina2,Principato Gaetano1,Currenti Marco1,Tabbì Marco3ORCID,Macrì Francesco3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico Veterinario, Via C. Festa 9, 16011 Arenzano, Italy

2. Bonabyte, Begovoy Proezd 7, 125284 Moscow, Russia

3. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, via Palatucci Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy

Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe the diagnosis and treatment of grade IV lateral patellar luxation (LPL) in two adult large breed dogs with complex femoral deformities using patient-specific three-dimensionally (3D) printed osteotomy guides and implants. Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained for virtual surgical planning (VSP) using computer-aided design (CAD) software, which allowed for 3D reconstruction and manipulation of the femoral deformities, providing a preoperative view of the correction. Of the two patients, one was affected bilaterally and the other unilaterally, but both dogs were from the same litter. Therefore, the healthy femur of the unilaterally affected patient was used as the physiological reference for the virtual surgical correction. Three distal femoral trapezoid osteotomies (DF-TO) followed by reduction and internal fixation with plates were performed using patient-specific 3D-printed osteotomy guides and implants. This type of osteotomy permitted correction of procurvatum in all the femurs to increase knee extension, raise the dog’s lumbar spine and correct the kyphosis. Preoperative, expected and postoperative femoral angles were compared to evaluate the efficacy of virtual surgical planning and the outcome of surgical correction. Radiographic follow-up, passive range of motion and functional recovery were recorded. There were no major complications requiring revision surgery. Significant clinical improvement was observed in both patients. This study suggests that the treatment used represents a viable surgical alternative to restore limb alignment in patients with complex femoral deformities.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference63 articles.

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