Multimorbidity in Incident Heart Failure: Characterisation and Impact on 1-Year Outcomes

Author:

Gracia Gutiérrez Anyuli12ORCID,Moreno-Juste Aida345ORCID,Laguna-Berna Clara3,Santos-Mejías Alejandro34ORCID,Poblador-Plou Beatriz34ORCID,Gimeno-Miguel Antonio34ORCID,Ruiz Laiglesia Fernando J.26ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Internal Medicine Service, Defense General Hospital, Vía Ibérica 1, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain

2. Research Group on Heart Failure, IIS Aragón, Paseo de Isabel la Católica 1-3, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain

3. EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo de Isabel la Católica 1-3, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain

4. Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain

5. San Pablo Primary Care Health Centre, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), de los Aguadores Street 7, ES-50003 Zaragoza, Spain

6. Internal Medicine Service, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, de San Juan Bosco Street 15, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is usually accompanied by other comorbidities, which, altogether, have a major impact on patients and healthcare systems. Our aim was to analyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of incident HF patients and the effect of comorbidities on one-year health outcomes. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, population-based study of incident HF patients between 2014 and 2018 in the EpiChron Cohort, Spain. The included population contained all primary and hospital care patients with a diagnosis of HF. All chronic diseases in their electronic health records were pooled into three comorbidity clusters (cardiovascular, mental, other physical). These comorbidity groups and the health outcomes were analysed until 31 December 2018. A descriptive analysis was performed. Cox regression models and survival curves were calculated to determine the hazard risk (HR) of all-cause mortality, all-cause and HF-related hospital admissions, hospital readmissions, and emergency room visits for each comorbidity group. Results: In total, 13,062 incident HF patients were identified (mean age = 82.0 years; 54.8% women; 93.7% multimorbid; mean of 4.52 ± 2.06 chronic diseases). After one-year follow-up, there were 3316 deaths (25.3%) and 4630 all-cause hospitalisations (35.4%). After adjusting by gender, age, and inpatient/outpatient status, the mental cluster was associated (HR; 95% confidence interval) with a higher HR of death (1.08; 1.01–1.16) and all-cause hospitalisation (1.09; 1.02–1.16). Conclusions: Cardiovascular comorbidities are the most common and studied ones in HF patients; however, they are not the most strongly associated with negative impacts on health outcomes in these patients. Our findings suggest the importance of a holistic and integral approach in the care of HF patients and the need to take into account the entire spectrum of comorbidities for improving HF management in clinical practice.

Funder

Carlos III Institute of Health, Ministry of Science and Innovation

Gobierno de Aragón

European Union’s Next Generation EU

Publisher

MDPI AG

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