Spatial, Temporal, and Vertical Variability of Ambient Environmental Conditions in Chinese Solar Greenhouses during Winter
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Published:2023-08-30
Issue:17
Volume:13
Page:9835
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ISSN:2076-3417
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Container-title:Applied Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Applied Sciences
Author:
Reza Md Nasim12ORCID, Islam Md Nafiul3ORCID, Iqbal Md Zafar4ORCID, Kabir Md Shaha Nur15, Chowdhury Milon6, Gulandaz Md Ashrafuzzaman2, Ali Mohammod1ORCID, Jang Moon-Ki7, Chung Sun-Ok12ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea 2. Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea 3. Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 4. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA 5. Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh 6. Agricultural Technical Institute, Division of Horticultural Technologies, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA 7. College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Abstract
The monitoring and control of environmental conditions are crucial as they influence crop quality and yield in Chinese solar greenhouses (CSGs). The objectives of this study were to assess the spatial, temporal, and vertical variability of major environmental parameters in CSGs during winter and to provide greenhouse climate/microclimate characteristics in order to facilitate the monitoring and control of greenhouse environmental conditions. A wireless sensor network (WSN) was deployed in two CSGs: one with crops and one without. Sensors were placed at different locations inside and outside the greenhouses, and the air temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, light intensity, solar radiation, and wind conditions were measured and analyzed. Significant variability in the spatial, temporal, and vertical distribution of environmental factors was observed in both greenhouses. The average minimum and maximum temperatures and humidity inside the CSG with crops were 9.96 °C (4:00 h) and 24.5 °C (12:00 h), and 32.6% (12:00 h) and 92.1% (5:00 h), respectively. The temperature difference was 2.2 °C between layers in the CSG without crops and 1.4 °C between layers in the CSG with crops. The CO2 concentration in the different layers inside the CSG with crops was highest at night. The average maximum light intensity inside the CSG with crops was 32,660.19 lx, 36,618.12 lx, and 40,660.48 lx (12:00 h to 13:00 h) in the bottom, middle, and top layers, respectively. Sensor positioning in the greenhouse was evaluated by considering the sensors’ data variability. The findings of this study could aid in the development of a better monitoring and control system for CSG’s microclimate during winter. More research is needed on greenhouse microclimate control systems based on this variability analysis, which could improve crop quality and yield in greenhouses.
Funder
Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
Subject
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science
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