Green IoT Event Detection for Carbon-Emission Monitoring in Sensor Networks

Abstract

This research addresses the intersection of low-power microcontroller technology and binary classification of events in the context of carbon-emission reduction. The study introduces an innovative approach leveraging microcontrollers for real-time event detection in a homogeneous hardware/firmware manner and faced with limited resources. This showcases their efficiency in processing sensor data and reducing power consumption without the need for extensive training sets. Two case studies focusing on landfill CO2 emissions and home energy usage demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach. The findings highlight significant power savings achieved by minimizing data transmission during non-event periods (94.8–99.8%), in addition to presenting a sustainable alternative to traditional resource-intensive AI/ML platforms that comparatively draw and produce 20,000 times the amount of power and carbon emissions, respectively.