Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bacteriophage f2 with Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 Composite under Visible Light Irradiation: Performance and Mechanism

Abstract

Water-borne virus pollution has caused great harm and attracted widespread attention in many countries. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is considered as a promising process for disinfection. In this study, Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 (AgCN) composites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic disinfection was investigated using bacteriophage f2 as the model virus. Moreover, the effects of pH and humic acid on photocatalytic disinfection were studied. Meanwhile, the mechanism of enhanced disinfection by Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 was systematically investigated by radical scavenger experiments. The results show that Ag3PO4 particles were uniformly distributed on g-C3N4 sheets. By means of photoluminescence spectrometer analysis, it is confirmed that a lower carrier recombination rate for Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 was achieved compared with Ag3PO3 and g-C3N4. Meanwhile, complete inactivation of f2 with concentration of 3 × 106 PFU/mL was reached within 80 min in the presence of Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 composite. The pH had little effect on removal efficiency overall, while the existence of humic acid resulted in a significant negative effect on the inactivation of f2 due to the optical shielding and absorption of humic acid. Recycling tests of Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 confirmed that Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 presented superior stability. The results from radical scavenger experiments indicated that holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) played important roles in photocatalytic disinfection process.