Sustainable Agriculture through the Enhancement of Microbial Biocontrol Agents: Current Challenges and New Perspectives

Author:

Gokul Arun1ORCID,Mabaso Jabulani1,Henema Nontuthuko1,Otomo Laetitia1,Bakare Olalekan Olanrewaju2ORCID,Klein Ashwil3ORCID,Daniel Augustine Innalegwu3ORCID,Omolola Aina3,Niekerk Lee-Ann4ORCID,Nkomo Mbukeni5ORCID,Keyster Marshall4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthadithaba 9866, South Africa

2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria

3. Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa

4. Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa

5. Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Main Road, KwaDlagezwe 3886, South Africa

Abstract

The future of pesticide usage in agriculture is uncertain due to its unsustainability, adverse environmental impacts, and its association in enhanced phytopathogen resistance. Hence, this situation urges the development of new sustainable practices in agriculture. A promising approach involves endophytes, which are non-pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting the interior parts of plants. However, due to the vast diversity and complexity of plant microbiomes, a major gap has formed with regards to endophytic research and its application in phytopathogen biocontrol. The gap has mainly been increasing due to the difficulty of isolating underrepresented endophytes and due to limitation of previous genetic tools availability to further research and understand plant-microbe interaction, endophytic biocontrol capabilities and their biocontrol compounds. This review highlights the current challenges being encountered in this research field. Additionally, the research advances through utilization of specialized techniques (CRISPR/Cas9 system, nanoparticles and multi-omics) are highlighted to assist in elucidating the mechanism revolving around plant-microbe interactions and to generate model systems demonstrating improved biocontrol capabilities of endophytes. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide improved approaches that could be implement in an array of microorganism that will enhance the phytopathogen biocontrol field in order to create a sustainable agricultural sector.

Funder

National Research Foundation of South Africa

CRF fund of the University of the Free State

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science

Reference57 articles.

1. New technologies could enhance natural biological control and disease management and reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides;Gossen;Can. J. Plant Pathol.,2020

2. Tosi, M., Gaiero, J., Linton, N., Mafa-Attoye, T., Castillo, A., and Dunfield, K. (2021). Rhizosphere Biology Interacteractions Between Microbes Plants, Springer.

3. Endophytes: The novel sources for plant terpenoid biosynthesis;Chen;Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,2021

4. Interactions between Endophytes and Plants: Beneficial Effect of Endophytes to Ameliorate Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Plants;Zhang;J. Plant Biol.,2019

5. Endophytes: A Treasure House of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Importance;Gouda;Front. Microbiol.,2016

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