Continuous Field Determination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Pb in the Yellow Sea of China

Author:

Zhang Zhiwei12,Pan Dawei23ORCID,Liang Yan23,Rahman Md. Abdur23,Wang Xiaofeng23

Affiliation:

1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

2. CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China

3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract

Field determination and ecological risk assessment of dissolved lead (Pb) were performed at two Yellow Sea sites in China using a continuous automated electrochemical system (CAEDS). This CAEDS instrument includes an automatic triple filter sampler and an electrochemical detection water quality analyzer, which might be operated automatically four times daily. The dissolved Pb concentrations varied from 0.29 to 1.57 μg/L in the South Yellow Sea over 16 days and from 0.32 to 2.28 μg/L in the North Yellow Sea over 13 days. During the typhoon and algal bloom periods, the Pb concentration was as high as ten times greater than usual. According to the calculation of contamination factors (Cf) and subsequent analysis, seawater quality was classified as Grade II. Through species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method experiments and ecological risk analysis, an average risk quotient (RQ) below 1 for both areas was obtained, indicating a low-to-moderate ecological risk. This system will be helpful for Pb monitoring and assessment in seawater and contribute to the biogeochemical cycling study of Pb.

Funder

National Key R&D Program of China

Strategic Priority Research Program

Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province

Special Fund for the Scholar Program of Yantai City

Publisher

MDPI AG

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