Haplotype Disequilibrium in the TLR Genes of Czech Red Pied Cattle

Author:

Samaké Kalifa1ORCID,Novák Karel2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Prague 2, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic

2. Institute of Animal Science, Uhříněves, Prague 22, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

Hybrid resequencing of the antibacterial innate immune genes coding for toll-like receptors, namely TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR6, using HiSeq and PacBio technologies of pooled population samples of Czech Simmental (Czech Red) cattle allowed us to determine haplotypes formed by the polymorphisms present. Directly determined haplotypes within the range of the large proximal amplicon in TLR2 formed two clusters in the network tree graph. The distribution of the statistically reconstructed haplotypes based on individual genotyping of the present SNPs was consistent. Similarly, the statistically reconstructed haplotypes in TLR5 and TLR6 formed two clusters. The trend of bimodal distribution was also observed in TLR4, while the limited diversity of TLR1 did not allow for any conclusion. The observed bimodal distribution is consistent with earlier reports for cattle populations worldwide. The stability of this phenomenon cannot be ascribed to historical origin but rather to a long-term effect of balancing selection. The equilibrium might be based on two different essential functions performed by the TLR genes or their products. The formation of two kinds of heterodimers by the TLR2 product, namely, TLR2/TLR1 and TLR2/TLR6 with different ligand specificities, is considered to be a particular case. On the other hand, the better expression of the bimodal groups in the 5′-proximal SNPs supports the localization of the selection targets in the upstream regulatory regions or the functional interactions in the proximal part of the transcripts.

Funder

Long-Term Concept of the Research Institution Development

National Agency of Agricultural Research of CR project

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Nature and Landscape Conservation,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous),Ecological Modeling,Ecology

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