A Yearly Based Multiobjective Park-and-Ride Control Approach Simulation Using Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage Systems: Fuxin, China Case Study

Abstract

This paper presents a modern yearly based park-and-ride management scheme. The electric vehicles’ owners are encouraged to keep their cars away from the crowded areas in cities and use the public facilities such as bus, train, and metro. This action will help the owners to reach their work on time inside these crowded cities. Electric vehicle charging stations are designed to charge 1000 electric vehicles using the proposed park-and-ride control approach. A case study of Fuxin, China is considered. The electric vehicle charging stations demand is met using renewable energy sources, namely photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems. Meeting the load demand and minimizing the total life cycle cost are considered two objective functions to formulate a multiobjective approach. The optimal sizes of the photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems are obtained using a multiobjective genetic algorithm and ε-MOGA. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control methodology are verified by detailed analysis and comparison using MATLAB®.