Evaluation of a Novel Ambient Light Survey Question in the Cancer Prevention Study-3

Author:

Diver W. Ryan1ORCID,Figueiro Mariana G.2,Rea Mark S.2ORCID,Hodge James M.1ORCID,Flanders W. Dana34ORCID,Zhong Charlie1,Patel Alpa V.1,Gapstur Susan M.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA

2. Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10025, USA

3. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

4. Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

Abstract

Nighttime light exposure may increase cancer risk by disrupting the circadian system. However, there is no well-established survey method for measuring ambient light. In the Cancer Prevention Study-3, 732 men and women answered a light survey based on seven environments. The light environment in the past year was assessed twice, one year apart, and four one-week diaries were collected between the annual surveys. A total of 170 participants wore a meter to measure photopic illuminance and circadian stimulus (CS). Illuminance and CS values were estimated for lighting environments from measured values and evaluated with a cross validation approach. The kappas for self-reported light environment comparing the two annual surveys were 0.61 on workdays and 0.49 on non-workdays. Kappas comparing the annual survey to weekly diaries were 0.71 and 0.57 for work and non-workdays, respectively. Agreement was highest for reporting of darkness (95.3%), non-residential light (86.5%), and household light (75.6%) on workdays. Measured illuminance and CS identified three peaks of light (darkness, indoor lighting, and outdoor daytime light). Estimated illuminance and CS were correlated with the measured values overall (r = 0.77 and r = 0.67, respectively) but were less correlated within each light environment (r = 0.23–0.43). The survey has good validity to assess ambient light for studies of human health.

Funder

National Institute of Aging

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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