Strategies for Monitoring Microbial Life in Beach Sand for Protection of Public Health-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Strategies for Monitoring Microbial Life in Beach Sand for Protection of Public Health

Published:2023-05-03 Issue:9 Volume:20 Page:5710
ISSN:1660-4601
Container-title:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
language:en
Short-container-title:IJERPH

Author:

Brandão João¹²^ORCID,Valério Elisabete¹²^ORCID,Weiskerger Chelsea³,Veríssimo Cristina⁴^ORCID,Sarioglou Konstantina¹,Novak Babič Monika⁵^ORCID,Solo-Gabriele Helena M.⁶^ORCID,Sabino Raquel⁴^ORCID,Rebelo Maria Teresa²^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal

2. Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct. Room A127, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

4. Department of Transmittable Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal

5. Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

6. Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA

Abstract

The 2021 revised guidelines of the World Health Organization recommend monitoring the quality of sand in addition to water at recreational beaches. This review provides background information about the types of beaches, the characteristics of sand, and the microbiological parameters that should be measured. Analytical approaches are described for quantifying fungi and fecal indicator bacteria from beach sand. The review addresses strategies to assess beach sand quality, monitoring approaches, sand remediation, and the proposed way forward for beach sand monitoring programs. In the proposed way forward, recommendations are provided for acceptable levels of fungi given their distribution in the environment. Additional recommendations include evaluating FIB distributions at beaches globally to assess acceptable ranges of FIB levels, similar to those proposed for fungi.

Funder

CESAM

CITAB

FCT/MCTES

Slovenian Research Agency

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/9/5710/pdf

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