Orthodontic Curricula in Undergraduate Dental Education—A Scoping Review

Abstract

Objective: To investigate commonalities and variations in the learning outcomes, curriculum content, assessment methods, and competencies in undergraduate orthodontic curricula globally. Methods: This scoping review followed the updated methodological guidance proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A search on electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted for the last 25 years. Google Scholar was used to identify eligible unpublished and grey literature. Results: The total number of reports identified was 231. After removal of 62 duplicates, 169 reports were included in the title and abstract screening. Finally, 17 studies were included in the review, which included 13 cross-sectional surveys, three expert panel proceedings, and one discussion paper. Marked variations were reported in undergraduate orthodontic curricula and competency assessments at the level of individual countries, regionally as well as globally. The challenges of imparting competency in orthodontic treatment during undergraduate dental education are also acknowledged. Conclusion: Lack of consistency in undergraduate orthodontic education was evidenced by several Delphi studies aiming to develop a consensus on orthodontic teaching in undergraduate programs. A common message emanating from the available studies on undergraduate orthodontic education seems to emphasize a focus on assessment and diagnosis of the orthodontic treatment needs of patients and a basic understanding of contemporary treatment options to facilitate patient referral.