Fluid Intake and the Occurrence of Erosive Tooth Wear in a Group of Healthy and Disabled Children from the Małopolska Region (Poland)

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the type and amount of fluid intake and the incidence of erosive tooth wear in a group of healthy children and children with disabilities. Methods: This study was conducted among children aged 6–17 years, patients of the Dental Clinic in Kraków. The research included 86 children: 44 healthy children and 42 children with disabilities. The prevalence of erosive tooth wear using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index was assessed by the dentist, who also determined the prevalence of dry mouth using a mirror test. A qualitative-quantitative questionnaire on the frequency of consumption of specific liquids and foods related to the occurrence of erosive tooth wear, completed by the children’s parents, was used to assess dietary habits. Results: The occurrence of erosive tooth wear was determined for 26% of the total number of children studied, and these were mostly lesions of minor severity. The mean value of the sum of the BEWE index was significantly higher (p = 0.0003) in the group of children with disabilities. In contrast, the risk of erosive tooth wear was non-significantly higher in children with disabilities (31.0%) than in healthy children (20.5%). Dry mouth was significantly more frequently identified among children with disabilities (57.1%). Erosive tooth wear was also significantly more common (p = 0.02) in children whose parents declared the presence of eating disorders. Children with disabilities consumed flavoured water or water with added syrup/juice and fruit teas with significantly higher frequency, while there were no differences in quantitative fluid intake between groups. The frequency and quantity of drinking flavoured waters or water with added syrup/juice, sweetened carbonated, and non-carbonated drinks were associated with the occurrence of erosive tooth wear for all children studied. Conclusions: The group of studied children presents inappropriate drinking behaviours regarding the frequency and amount of beverages consumed, which, especially in a group of children with disabilities, may contribute to the formation of erosive cavities.