Acetylsalicylic Acid Effect in Colorectal Cancer Taking into Account the Role of Tobacco, Alcohol and Excess Weight

Abstract

Excess weight, smoking and risky drinking are preventable risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, several studies have reported a protective association between aspirin and the risk of CRC. This article looks deeper into the relationships between risk factors and aspirin use with the risk of developing CRC. We performed a retrospective cohort study of CRC risk factors and aspirin use in persons aged >50 years in Lleida province. The participants were inhabitants with some medication prescribed between 2007 and 2016 that were linked to the Population-Based Cancer Registry to detect CRC diagnosed between 2012 and 2016. Risk factors and aspirin use were studied using the adjusted HR (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a Cox proportional hazard model. We included 154,715 inhabitants of Lleida (Spain) aged >50 years. Of patients with CRC, 62% were male (HR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.6–2.2), 39.5% were overweight (HR = 2.8; 95% CI: 2.3–3.4) and 47.3% were obese (HR = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.6–3.6). Cox regression showed an association between aspirin and CRC (aHR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6–0.8), confirming a protective effect against CRC and an association between the risk of CRC and excess weight (aHR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2–1.7), smoking (aHR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.3–1.7) and risky drinking (aHR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.0). Our results show that aspirin use decreased the risk of CRC and corroborate the relationship between overweight, smoking and risky drinking and the risk of CRC.