1. Faculty of Sustainability Studies, Hosei University, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-8160, Japan
2. Global Infrastructure Research Foundation, Minatoku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
3. International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
4. College of the Marshall Islands, Delap-Uliga-Djarrit, Majuro Atoll 96960, Marshall Islands
5. Graduate School of Public Policy and Social Governance, Hosei University, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-8160, Japan