Abstract
South Africa adopts intensive livestock farming, embracing the employment of huge quantities of antibiotics to meet the increased demand for meat. Therefore, bacteria occurring in the animal products and manure might develop antibiotic resistance, a scenario which threatens public health. The study investigated the occurrence of Gram-negative bacteria from eighteen pooled samples withdrawn from a single-stage steel biodigester co-digesting pig manure (75%) and pine wood saw dust (25%). The viable counts for each bacterium were determined using the spread plate technique. The bacterial isolates were characterised based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics, using the Analytical Profile Index 20 e test kit. In addition, isolates were characterised based on susceptibility to 14 conventional antibiotics via the disc diffusion method. The MAR index was calculated for each bacterial isolate. The bacterial counts ranged from 104 to 106 cfu/mL, indicating manure as a potential source of contamination. Overall, 159 bacterial isolates were recovered, which displayed diverse susceptibility patterns with marked sensitivity to amoxicillin (100% E. coli), streptomycin (96.15% for Yersinia spp.; 93.33% for Salmonella spp.) and 75% Campylobacter spp. to nitrofurantoin. Varying resistance rates were equally observed, but a common resistance was demonstrated to erythromycin (100% of Salmonella and Yersinia spp.), 90.63% of E. coli and 78.57% of Campylobacter spp. A total of 91.19% of the bacterial isolates had a MAR index > 0.2, represented by 94 MAR phenotypes. The findings revealed multidrug resistance in bacteria from the piggery source, suggesting they can contribute immensely to the spread of multidrug resistance; thus, it serves as a pointer to the need for the enforcement of regulatory antibiotic use in piggery farms. Therefore, to curb the level of multidrug resistance, the piggery farm should implement control measures in the study area.
Funder
South African Medical Research Council
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Reference64 articles.
1. Communal livestock farming in South Africa: Does this farming system create jobs for poverty stricken rural areas?;Mmbengwa;Sylwan,2015
2. A South African perspective on livestock production in relation to greenhouse gases and water usage;Scholtz;S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci.,2013
3. Huang, J., Yu, Z., Gao, H., Yan, X., Chang, J., Wang, C., Hu, J., and Zhang, L. (2017). Chemical structures and characteristics of animal manures and composts during composting and assessment of maturity indices. PLoS ONE, 12.
4. Unique Challenges of the Poverty Dilemma in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa;Ngumbela;Afr. J. Public Aff.,2021
5. Local worlds: Vulnerability and food insecurity in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa;Ngumbela;Jàmbá J. Disaster Risk Stud.,2020
Cited by
3 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献