1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
2. M. Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
3. Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
4. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
5. Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
6. Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
7. Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan