The Evolution of Galaxies and Clusters at High Spatial Resolution with Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS)

Author:

Russell Helen R.1,Lopez Laura A.2,Allen Steven W.345ORCID,Chartas George6ORCID,Choudhury Prakriti Pal78,Dupke Renato A.910,Fabian Andrew C.7ORCID,Flores Anthony M.34ORCID,Garofali Kristen11,Hodges-Kluck Edmund11,Koss Michael J.12ORCID,Lanz Lauranne13ORCID,Lehmer Bret D.14,Li Jiang-Tao15ORCID,Maksym W. Peter1617,Mantz Adam B.4ORCID,McDonald Michael1819,Miller Eric D.19ORCID,Mushotzky Richard F.20,Qiu Yu2122ORCID,Reynolds Christopher S.2023ORCID,Tombesi Francesco24ORCID,Tozzi Paolo25,Trindade-Falcão Anna16ORCID,Walker Stephen A.26,Wong Ka-Wah27,Yukita Mihoko11,Zhang Congyao28

Affiliation:

1. School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

2. Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA

3. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

4. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

5. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA

7. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

8. Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK

9. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

10. Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Bairro Imperial de São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro 20921-400, Brazil

11. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

12. Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602, USA

13. Department of Physics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA

14. Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA

15. Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 10 Yuanhua Road, Nanjing 210023, China

16. Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

17. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA

18. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

19. Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

20. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

21. Institute for Advanced Study in Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

22. Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

23. Joint Space-Science Institute (JSI), College Park, MD 20742, USA

24. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy

25. INAF—Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 50122 Firenze, Italy

26. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA

27. Department of Physics, SUNY Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA

28. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

Abstract

Stellar and black hole feedback heat and disperse surrounding cold gas clouds, launching gas flows off circumnuclear and galactic disks, producing a dynamic interstellar medium. On large scales bordering the cosmic web, feedback drives enriched gas out of galaxies and groups, seeding the intergalactic medium with heavy elements. In this way, feedback shapes galaxy evolution by shutting down star formation and ultimately curtailing the growth of structure after the peak at redshift 2–3. To understand the complex interplay between gravity and feedback, we must resolve both the key physics within galaxies and map the impact of these processes over large scales, out into the cosmic web. The Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS) is a proposed X-ray probe mission for the 2030s with arcsecond spatial resolution, large effective area, and low background. AXIS will untangle the interactions of winds, radiation, jets, and supernovae with the surrounding interstellar medium across the wide range of mass scales and large volumes driving galaxy evolution and trace the establishment of feedback back to the main event at cosmic noon. This white paper is part of a series commissioned for the AXIS Probe mission concept; additional AXIS white papers can be found at the AXIS website.

Funder

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Publisher

MDPI AG

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