Comparative Study of Dayside Pulsating Auroras Induced by Ultralow-Frequency Waves

Author:

Li Xing-Yu1ORCID,Zong Qiu-Gang12ORCID,Liu Jian-Jun2ORCID,Yin Ze-Fan12ORCID,Hu Ze-Jun2ORCID,Zhou Xu-Zhi1ORCID,Yue Chao1ORCID,Liu Zhi-Yang1ORCID,Zhao Xing-Xin12ORCID,Xie Zi-Kang1ORCID,Blake J. Bernard3ORCID,Russell Christopher T.4ORCID,Ergun Robert E.5ORCID,Lindqvist Per-Arne6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

2. MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China

3. Space Science Applications Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245-4609, USA

4. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA

5. Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA

6. Department of Space and Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

Pulsating auroras are usually observed with ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc 3–5 band (period 10–600 s). These auroras are thought to result from interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves, but their relationship with ULF waves remains an open question. In this study, we investigated this question by conducting a comparative study on two ULF wave events with pulsating auroras observed near the magnetic footprints. Conjugate observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and the Chinese Yellow River Station were used. In both events, lower-band chorus waves were observed, which were suggested to be connected with the auroral pulsations by wavelet analysis. The intensity of these waves oscillates at the period of the ULF waves, but the physics laid behind them differs by events. During the event of 22 January 2019, compressional ULF waves changed the threshold for the whistler anisotropy instability periodically, affecting the emission of chorus waves. In the event on 10 January 2016, poloidal ULF waves modulated the chorus wave generation by regulating electron temperature anisotropy through drift resonance. ULF waves in these events may originate from perturbations in the solar wind. We highlight the role of ULF waves in the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling, which requires further study.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Major Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development

China Space Agency Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy

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