Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk in Black Urban South African Women: The SABC Study

Abstract

A total of 396 breast cancer cases and 396 population-based controls from the South African Breast Cancer study (SABC) matched on age and demographic settings was included. Validated questionnaires were used to collect dietary and epidemiological data. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis with a covariance matrix from 33 food groups. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression. A traditional, a cereal-dairy breakfast and a processed food dietary pattern were identified, which together explained 40.3% of the total variance in the diet. After adjusting for potential confounders, the traditional dietary pattern and cereal-dairy breakfast dietary pattern were inversely associated with breast cancer risk (highest tertile versus lowest tertile) (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.57–0.89, p-trend = 0.004 and OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.59–0.90, p-trend = 0.004, respectively). The processed food dietary pattern was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk. The results of this study show that a traditional dietary pattern and a cereal-dairy breakfast dietary pattern may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in this population.