Bone Metabolism and Dental Implant Insertion as a Correlation Affecting on Marginal Bone Remodeling: Texture Analysis and the New Corticalization Index, Predictor of Marginal Bone Loss—3 Months of Follow-Up

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The general condition of implantology patients is crucial when considering the long- and short-term survival of dental implants. The aim of the research was to evaluate the correlation between the new corticalization index (CI) and patients’ condition, and its impact on marginal bone loss (MBL) leading to implant failure, using only radiographic (RTG) images on a pixel level. Method: Bone near the dental implant neck was examined, and texture features were analyzed. Statistical analysis includes analysis of simple regression where the correlation coefficient (CC) and R2 were calculated. Detected relationships were assumed to be statistically significant when p < 0.05. Statgraphics Centurion version 18.1.12 (Stat Point Technologies, Warrenton, VA, USA) was used to conduct the statistical analyses. Results: The research revealed a correlation between MBL after 3 months and BMI, PTH, TSH, Ca2+ level in blood serum, phosphates in blood serum, and vitamin D. A correlation was also observed between CI and PTH, Ca2+ level in blood serum, vitamin D, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides on the day of surgery. After 3 months of the observation period, CI was correlated with PTH, TSH, Ca2+ level in blood serum, and triglycerides. Conclusion: The results of the research confirm that the general condition of patients corresponds with CI and MBL. A patient’s general condition has an impact on bone metabolism around dental implants. Implant insertion should be considered if the general condition of the patient is not stable. However, CI has not yet been fully investigated. Further studies are necessary to check and categorize the impact of corticalization on marginal bone loss near dental implants.