Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Nitride–Carbon Composites and Their Use in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author:

Morales Helia Magali12,Vieyra Horacio2ORCID,Sanchez David A.3,Fletes Elizabeth M.3,Odlyzko Michael4,Lodge Timothy P.56ORCID,Padilla-Gainza Victoria3ORCID,Alcoutlabi Mataz3ORCID,Parsons Jason G.7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA

2. School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA

4. Characterization Facility, College of Science and Engineering, 55 Shepherd Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

5. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

6. Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

7. School of Earth Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA

Abstract

This work focuses on the synthesis of titanium nitride–carbon (TiN–carbon) composites by the thermal decomposition of a titanyl phthalocyanine (TiN(TD)) precursor into TiN. The synthesis of TiN was also performed using the sol-gel method (TiN(SG)) of an alkoxide/urea. The structure and morphology of the TiN–carbon and its precursors were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDS, and XPS. The FTIR results confirmed the presence of the titanium phthalocyanine (TiOPC) complex, while the XRD data corroborated the decomposition of TiOPC into TiN. The resultant TiN exhibited a cubic structure with the FM3-M lattice, aligning with the crystal system of the synthesized TiN via the alkoxide route. The XPS results indicated that the particles synthesized from the thermal decomposition of TiOPC resulted in the formation of TiN–carbon composites. The TiN particles were present as clusters of small spherical particles within the carbon matrix, displaying a porous sponge-like morphology. The proposed thermal decomposition method resulted in the formation of metal nitride composites with high carbon content, which were used as anodes for Li-ion half cells. The TiN–carbon composite anode showed a good specific capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mAg−1.

Funder

UTRGV Chemistry Departmental Welch Foundation Grant

NSF PREM

NSF through the UMN MRSEC program

Publisher

MDPI AG

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